To build a safety system against harmful content (e.g., sexual abuse, violence, racism, sexism), OpenAI
used outsourced Kenyan workers, earning around $1.32 to
$2 per hour, to label such content. The fine-tuning process involved supervised learning
and reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF). It can generate plausible-sounding but incorrect
or nonsensical answers, known as hallucinations. The chatbot has also been criticized for its
limitations and potential for unethical use. It has been lauded for its
potential to transform numerous professional fields, and instigated public
debate about the nature of creativity and the future of knowledge work.
A 2023 study reported that GPT-4 obtained a better score than 99% of humans
on the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking. The company announced
a slew of generative AI-powered features to counter OpenAI and Microsoft.
Their leaders emphasized their earlier caution regarding public deployment was due
to the trust the public places in Google Search. ChatGPT gained one million users
in five days and 100 million in two months, becoming the fastest-growing internet application in history.
Kelsey Piper of Vox wrote that "ChatGPT is the general public's first hands-on introduction to how powerful modern AI has gotten" and that ChatGPT is "smart enough to be useful despite its flaws".
As before, OpenAI has not disclosed technical details such as the exact number of parameters or
the composition of its training dataset.
In medical education, it can attempt to explain complex concepts, generating
case scenarios, and can be used by students who are preparing for licensing examinations.
ChatGPT can be used to summarize medical journal articles for researchers.
The hallucinations characteristic of LLMs pose particular danger
in medical contexts. ChatGPT can produce correct answers to medical
exam and licensing questions, for example the United States Medical Licensing Examination and the Specialty Certificate Examination in Dermatology.
It can also pass exams for medical licensing, for example the United States Medical Licensing Examination and the Specialty Certificate Examination in Dermatology.
